Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (1781–1826) was a British statesman, Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen. He founded modern Singapore and the Straits Settlement. Raffles was heavily involved in the capture of the Indonesian island of Java from the Dutch during the Napoleonic Wars. He wrote 'The History of Java'.

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Raffles was a co-founder the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) in 1826 and was the first President of the Society. He died unexpectedly on 5 July 1826 of apoplexy.